Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back — both directions, live, on your device. Handles 1 to 3,999,999.
The seven symbols
Subtractive pairs (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900) keep numerals short. Standard numerals only reach 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). For larger values, Roman scribes drew an overline (vinculum) over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000 — so an overlined V is 5,000 and an overlined X is 10,000. This tool shows the overline above, and accepts (V) parenthesis notation when you type, since overlines are hard to enter on a keyboard.